The common stomach bug, norovirus, is making a significant comeback, according to the latest data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This highly contagious virus has seen a spike in outbreaks, raising concerns about its spread and prevention.
Norovirus Outbreaks on the Rise
Recent CDC reports reveal a dramatic increase in norovirus cases. During the week of December 5, there were 91 reported outbreaks, up from 69 the previous week. For comparison, outbreaks in recent years typically hovered around 65 or fewer per week during the same period. These numbers are likely underestimates, as many cases go unreported.
What Is Norovirus?
Norovirus, often referred to as the “winter vomiting bug” or Norwalk virus, is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Each year, it accounts for:
19–21 million illnesses
2.2 million outpatient medical visits
465,000 emergency room visits
109,000 hospitalisations
This virus is notorious for causing illness outbreaks in:
Cruise ships
Schools
Daycare centres
Jails
Other communal settings
How Is Norovirus Spread?
Norovirus spreads rapidly through several means:
Direct contact with an infected person.
Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your mouth.
Sharing food, drinks, or utensils with someone infected.
Inhalation or contact with tiny droplets of vomit or faecal matter that land on surfaces.
Symptoms of Norovirus
Symptoms typically include:
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Stomach cramps
Fatigue
Low-grade fever
Chills
Headaches
Muscle aches
The onset of symptoms is often sudden and severe. While most people recover completely within 1–2 days, dehydration can occur, especially in vulnerable populations.
What to Do If You Have Norovirus
There is no specific treatment for norovirus. However, these steps can help:
Stay hydrated: Drink water, juice, or sports drinks. For children, electrolyte solutions like Pedialyte are recommended.
Avoid solid foods until vomiting and diarrhoea subside.
Rest to allow your body to recover.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if:
Symptoms persist beyond a couple of days.
You experience blood in your stool, high fever, or severe dehydration.
You belong to a high-risk group, including:
Babies and young children
Elderly individuals
People with serious medical conditions or weakened immune systems
Signs of dehydration include:
Dark urine or infrequent urination
Dizziness or light-headedness
Dry mouth and skin
Preventing Norovirus
Preventing norovirus and other foodborne illnesses requires careful attention to hygiene and food safety practices:
Hygiene Tips
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially:
Before eating
After using the bathroom
After cleaning up vomit or diarrhoea
Use bleach-based cleaning solutions on contaminated surfaces.
Food Safety Tips
Do not prepare food while experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms.
Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
Cook meat to the recommended internal temperature using a food thermometer.
Avoid consuming raw milk or undercooked foods.
Refrigerate perishable items promptly and avoid leaving them out for more than two hours.
Final Thoughts
Norovirus is highly contagious but preventable through good hygiene and food safety practices. By taking precautions, you can reduce the risk of spreading or contracting this unpleasant illness. Stay vigilant, especially during outbreaks, and prioritise cleanliness in shared spaces and while preparing food.
For more information, visit the CDC’s official website or consult a healthcare provider.